Marriage Vs Cohabitation Marriage And Cohabitation

Marriage Vs Cohabitation Introduction: The picture of family has changed dramatically in the last fifty years, due to the incline of cohabitation before marriage. Cohabitation is extremely popular and has become quite the trend. When looking at both married and cohabitating couples there are advantages and disadvantages to both, but when one looks at the day to day small things they share some common ground. The Pros of Marriage: The tradition of marriage was intended to keep couples together for the rest of their lives, and offered many other incentives as well. In the beginning, couples stand together publicly committing to one another pledging to stand together through anything. They tie the so-called knot, and they receive an†¦show more content†¦Consequently, the rate of divorce in today’s society has many people running scarred at the idea of marriage. Furthermore, if the relationship does come to an end there are no strings attached, both people can just walk away. Cohabitating couples can also enjoy a few other things like: According to Modern Maturity (1995) â€Å"You can both earn more before your Social security benefits are taxable, or if you make about the same amount, you can save thousands on income taxes through earned income tax credit and supplemental income.† Then there is â€Å"If you each own a home, you can both get the onetime $125,000 capital gains exclusion on the profit from the sale of those residents.† (p. 74). The Cons of Marriage: Often, people enter into marriage with blinders on, and for the wrong reasons. A couple goes into their life together with this elaborate presentation of their love for one another called a wedding. This is usually just a pricey party when it comes down to it. Then, there is the matter of irreconcilable differences, the big nasty divorce. This can also get very costly, between hiring an attorney, and splitting marital assets. Consequently, not all people get married for the right reasons, and this could make it miserable for all who are involved. According to Rhoades, G. (2009). â€Å"Ironically some people who are not good together, getting married because the break up is harder than if they were just dating† (p. 230). When this happens, one can almost guarantee theShow MoreRelatedMarriage And Cohabitation : Marriage Vs Cohabitation1111 Words   |  5 PagesMarriage Vs Cohabitation The picture of family has changed dramatically in the last fifty years, due to the increase of cohabitation before marriage. Cohabitation is extremely popular and has become quite the trend. When looking at both married and cohabiting couples, there are advantages and disadvantages to both, but when one looks at the day-to-day small things they share some common ground. The Pros of Marriage The tradition of marriage was intended to keep couples together for the rest ofRead MoreMarriage Vs. Cohabitation By Christian Taylor1182 Words   |  5 Pages Marriage vs. Cohabitation Christian Taylor Introduction Attention Getter: Has anyone ever considered that before marriage you’re going to cohabit with your partner? Well, from psychology it says people start cohabiting because they enhance the opportunity to see if whether it’s compatible or not. According to statistics it says just over fifty percent of cohabiting couples never marry or if so it increases the divorce chances. With being married there is a greater chance because, statics showsRead MoreCohabitation Between Marriage And Marriage1303 Words   |  6 Pagesnormal and are expected. One of these previously taboo ideas is cohabitation. Cohabitation is the act of living together while in a romantic relationship, prior to marriage. (Steinberg, Bornstein, Vandell, and Rook, p. 450, 2011) More and more couples are cohabitating, according to some studies approximately two-thirds of couples live together before they get married. (Luscombe, 2014) Some couples that lived together before marriage have a strong and hea lthy relationship, while others end in divorceRead MoreEssay On Getting Married And Cohabitation1204 Words   |  5 PagesBikram Bista Prof Mather English 1010 11/12/2017 Getting Married vs cohabitating Cohabitation is an arrangement where a couple who have not married life collectively. Such arrangements have become more and more common in Western nations during the previous few decades, being directed by changing social views, specifically about marriage, gender role, and religion. Whereas getting married is also called wedlock, is a socially accept the union among spouse that builds right and obligation between thoseRead MoreMarriage Or Keeping Your Options Open? Essay1665 Words   |  7 PagesMarriage or Keeping Your Options Open? Is marriage necessary before couples decide to move in together? Or should couples test out the relationship before tying the knot? In the passage, â€Å"Cohabitation Instead of Marriage,† James Q. Wilson discusses the many advantages to marriage compared to the downfalls of cohabitation. How marriage is what maintains a family and how cohabitation s influence on couples is changing American society. He concludes that young couples today are choosing to cohabitRead MoreWomen s Social Issues And Concerns1292 Words   |  6 Pagesthe many developmental tasks during early adulthood. There is also exploring intimate relationships, cohabitation, and marriage, starting a family and belonging to a social group. Because women are fighting to make ends meet there are possibilities that they will not explore the other tasks. More information will be given on the struggles to resolve the psychosocial crisis known as intimacy vs isolation of women living in poverty who are trying to establish a career identity and how counselorsRead Moreterm paper about living together before marriage1464 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿LIVING TOGETHER BEFORE MARRIAGE The human being and their society are always constant motion. In modern life, there are new tendencies which a lot of different than traditional countries appear. One of aspects changed quickly all over the world is love, marriage and family. A flower cannot without sunshine and man cannot live without love. (Max Muller) Love is a sacred and wonderful sentiment. In generation past, marriage and living together forever are a last destination of loveRead More The Effect of Cohabitation on Marriage Essay3030 Words   |  13 Pages Abstract The Effect of Cohabitation on Marriage Several published studies look at the increase in premarital cohabitation and the effect of premarital cohabitation on the traditional marriage relationship from the 1960s to present. Issues considered are marital satisfaction, marital stability, marital communication, and incidents of divorce within each group. Contrary to common perceptions, studies on couples who cohabitated prior to marrying indicate marriages that are less satisfactory, lessRead MorePros And Cons Of Cohabitation1763 Words   |  8 Pagesadult has now plunged into cohabitation. Does it really matter if you cohabitate before marriage? In finding the answer to this problem, I have come across two articles which help explain the pros and the cons of the question, â€Å"Should couples cohabitate or get married?† The first article is Sliding Versus Deciding: Inertia, the Premarital Cohabitation Effect. When a couple has â€Å"dedication commitment† (Stanley, Rhoades, and Markmann, 503) with each oth er, cohabitation works for partners. It isRead MorePreventing Divorce And Its Effects On Society3587 Words   |  15 Pagesto be a marriage to consider. To enlighten these two terms; Credo Reference (2013), the widely used database who published their article of Marriage and Divorce in 2013, claims that marriage is a â€Å"social bond or legal contract between persons that establishes kinship, usually sanctified by religious authorities or the state† (Credo Reference, 2013, Page 1). Marriage represents a value in modern day and serves as a purpose of not only love but a commitment. Dating back into what marriage was intended

British Criminology Free Essays

string(35) " law or criminological precedents\." Knowledge is very important to a concept like criminology that is both empirically and theoretically based. However, it cannot be avoided that in certain aspect criminology may lack specific necessities especially in some countries where the criminal justice system is rather not yet fully developed. The development of the aspect of criminology is very important in addressing criminality and crimes. We will write a custom essay sample on British Criminology or any similar topic only for you Order Now The effectiveness of the justice system, particularly of the criminal justice system is greatly dependent on the comprehensiveness and stability of criminology. In Britain, knowledge is equally acknowledged as an important aspect of criminology. Thus, knowledge has been constructed in the British criminology since the year 1960 (Soothill Peelo, 2007). Criminologists recognized the importance of research Exercises and citations in their jobs in order to establish authority and legal basis (Soothill Peelo, 2007). Criminology According to the British Society of Criminology (2005), criminology is both a theoretical and an empirical discipline that draws on the range of human and social science disciplines. The British Society of Criminology (2005) likewise added that at the heart of criminology â€Å"are theoretical debates about a wide range of perspectives†. According to them, criminology should emphasize the relevance of a firm and strong knowledge base to serve as evidence and basis for its theories and for the evaluation of the crime control policies (British Society of criminology, 2005). Strong knowledge base on this aspect is very important because it ensures that there are reasonably reliable pieces of evidence that has been consulted during the judicial enquiry. However, it is believed that in pursuing these values, it is necessary that a lively debate should be nurtured that employs both qualitative and quantitative data in a dialogue between a range of methodological and theoretical perspectives (British Society of Criminology, 2005). Criminology should ensure that a premature foreclosure of this dialogue be not resorted to favoring certain sub-discipline fields, either endorsed by state officials, the mass media, or by fashions of academic thought (British Society of Criminology, 2005). Criminology is also empirically concerned with the â€Å"processes of criminalization and victimization; and the causes and organization of crime and deviance† (British Society of Criminology, 2005). In criminology, it is important that criminologists have the necessary knowledge in relation to criminality so that they can identify crimes, treats the same and provide for punishments. This is very important because if criminologists do not have the proper knowledge, they may not readily recognize a crime once they encounter the same, hence failure to address it. Criminology is also concerned with the â€Å"process of managing crime, deviance, and victimization, including policing, criminal justice and penalty, community safety and less formal means of addressing criminality (British Society of Criminology, 2005). For criminologists, in order for them to effectively handle and address criminality and decrease crime rates, they should be able to crimes under the authority of police power and the corresponding function of a judicial authority. For example, as criminology includes policing, it is important that the criminologists know the rules and laws governing the proper execution of the power of a police officer. He should make sure that rights are not violated in the process. As a social discipline, criminology is constantly changing with its subject fast-moving both in theory and methodological development. The changes correspond with the equally fast changes in the social environment. Moreover, the change is due to the system’s intention to capture the changes and interaction of ideas into a more complex methodological dialogue about its relevance to the social life. In its modern form, criminology is characterized by issues on how to: †¢ â€Å"Operationalize its theories in conducting research† (British Society of Criminology, 2005) – the changes may be necessary so that new ideas and criminological concepts may be formulated through research. The debates are important because they determine the endless possibilities in relation to the application of criminology in social life. Criminology is concerned on how research and knowledge can be used n order to make effective criminology itself. For example, criminology is important in order to conduct and study specific occurrences in relation to criminality and deviance; †¢ â€Å"Explain its subject matter† (British Society of Criminology, 2005) – Knowledge in relation to criminology is likewise important in order to understand its nature and applicability. Criminology endeavors to make its own extent comprehensive and understandable by the public so that they can be consulted in cases of incidents its application may be necessary; †¢ â€Å"inform the debates over crime control policy; the links between criminal and social justice, and the expanding knowledge bases of the crime and justice related professions† (British Society of Criminology, 2005) – Modern criminology is a way to provide the public with knowledge base on how social justice may be promoted and how rights may be protected even in cases of criminal infringements. It should be noted however that under criminology, by concept of social justice in relation to crimes should mean that criminology should comprehend all aspects of social justice even as it involves the criminal. Criminology, as a knowledge base is used by legal and justice related professionals in the pursuance of social justice and the treatment of crimes. According to the British Society of Criminology (2005), as a changing academic discipline, its knowledge base should necessarily change to address the corresponding changes in its environment. â€Å"As such, the importance attached to different classical and contemporary theories will continually change† (British Society of Criminology, 2005). The changes in the â€Å"classical and contemporary theories also requires changes in theories and application in the various areas of criminological enquiry (British Society of Criminology, 2005). Moreover, â€Å"such new areas may also be generated by changing political and social concerns, or by changes within another discipline, such as philosophy† (British Society of Criminology, 2005). For example, the constant change in criminology may be brought about by technological advancements. As new technologies and device are created, corresponding laws relating to specific acts may be enacted in order to identify criminality of specific acts in relation to these advancements, which in the past may not be covered by law or criminological precedents. You read "British Criminology" in category "Papers" Specifically, as has been experienced, many scrupulous machinations have been resorted to by some criminals in order to avoid prosecution because certain acts may not be covered by a law that penalizes crimes. In the case of crimes related to the Internet, many have escaped prosecution because past laws do not cover acts committed through and via the Internet. â€Å"Criminology, like all social sciences, is both theoretically and evidence based that requires the comprehension of specific issues† (British Society of Criminology, 2005). The importance of knowledge base in criminology has prompted the British Society of Criminology (2006) to create the Code of Ethics for researchers in the Field of Criminology. This is because of the fact that it is the researchers who gather and make use of the knowledge as a product of their research and used in the judicial inquiry. Among others, the Code serves as guidance to researchers in the field of criminology to aid them â€Å"in keeping with the aims of the society to value and promote the highest ethical standards in criminological research† (British Society of Criminology, 2006). According to this Code, and as a guiding principle of the British Society of Criminology, â€Å"researchers should ensure that research is undertaken to the highest methodological standard and the highest quality in order that maximum possible knowledge and benefits accrue to the society† (British Society of Criminology, 2006). The Code ensures that researchers only gather the most credible and highest standard of knowledge in order to establish a sound criminal justice system. The aspect of criminology should be ensured to be given that taint of authority and credibility so that the people can develop trust and confidence to its concept. Specifically, according to the British Society of Criminology (2006), the researcher has the following responsibilities: General Responsibilities The researcher should endeavor to: 1. â€Å"Advance knowledge about criminological issues† (British Society of Criminology, 2006) – as criminal researchers, it is their responsibility to ensure that they accumulate a sustained knowledge base with comprehensive application to cover the various criminological issues and its relationship to each other. For example, researchers, in tackling a criminal issue should consider it in relation to specific laws and its relationship to any other issues and laws that may somehow be directly or indirectly affect its applicability and outcomes. This can be explained in the various aspects of criminology as in the case of policing as it relates to the crime busting and crime punishment. In policing, researchers should not only provide knowledge that pertain to policing but on how to execute this authority in connection with the rights of the people and the rights of the public being protected. 2. â€Å"Identify and seek to ameliorate factors which restricts the development of their professional competence and integrity† (British Society of Criminology, 2006) – As researchers undergo research, criminological knowledge should also be accumulated that provides guidance on how restrictions may be avoided and the full application of this knowledge can be attained. Researchers should also identify how they can improve their competence and the reliability and credibility of criminology by giving knowledge and criminology with known integrity; 3. â€Å"Seek appropriate experience or training to improve their professional competence, and identify and deal with any factors which threaten to restrict their professional integrity† (British Society of Criminology, 2006) – In criminology, criminologists and researchers should endeavor to improve competence by undergoing trainings and continuous improvement and enhancement of knowledge and qualities that can help improve criminology through improved knowledge base derived from meaningful research; 4. â€Å"Refrain from laying claim, directly or indirectly, to expertise in areas of criminology which they do not have† (British Society of Criminology, 2006) – as researchers tasks with the gathering of criminological knowledge, they should avoid assumptions and the incorporation of personal views and opinions that are not validated and unsupported by actual facts and information. For example, in the judicial inquiry, it is important that the research provide information so that the proper authorities can come up with a decision regarding a controversy through validated precedents and established facts; 5. â€Å"Take all reasonable steps to ensure that their qualifications, capabilities or views are not misrepresented by others† (British Society of Criminology, 2006) – sometimes the quality of the criminological knowledge is dependent on how it is presented and fed to the people and those intended to use the same. In this regard, researchers should endeavor to provide criminological knowledge that are well organized and understandable, avoiding vagueness and allow for not biased interpretations; 6. â€Å"Correct any misrepresentations and adopt the highest standards in all their professional relationships with institutions and colleagues whatever their status† (British Society of Criminology, 2006) – misrepresentations, should, at all times be avoided to maintain the highest standard of criminological knowledge formed only by information provided by proper authorities and backed up with supporting evidence and justification; 7. â€Å"Respect their various responsibilities as outlined in the Code† (British Society of Criminology, 2006) – in order for the researcher to be able to recognize and comprehend the various knowledge available, he should comply with all the rules and ethical standards being imposed by the Code; 8. â€Å"Keep up to date with ethical and methodological issues in the field, for example by reading research monographs and participating in training events† (British Society of Criminology, 2006) – researchers should ensure the quality and integrity of the criminological knowledge by adhering to ethical principles that will attach credibility to the research process, the researchers and the outcomes; 9. â€Å"Check the reliability of their sources of information, in particular when using the internet† (British Society of Criminology, 2006). Responsibilities towards the Discipline of Criminology In addition to these general responsibilities, they also have responsibilities to others in the practice under the same field. He has the responsibility to promote advancement and effectiveness of information dissemination and to protect intellectual and professional freedom (British Society of Criminology, 2006). He can do this by acknowledging the various research processes and the authenticity and the integrity of knowledge. In addition, he also has the responsibility to promote conducive environment and relationship with other professionals and the environment because this will dictate the quality of knowledge and criminology as a whole. â€Å"More specifically, researchers should promote free and independent inquiry into criminological matters and unrestricted dissemination of criminological knowledge† (British Society of Criminology, 2006). Unrestricted dissemination of criminological knowledge is important in the determination of the quality and applicability of the knowledge in relation to various aspects of criminology. â€Å"Researchers should endeavor to ensure that the methodology employed and the research findings are open for discussion and peer review† (British Society of Criminology, 2006). This respects the functions of other professionals and allow for checks and balances and the review of the reliability of the information. In the process, it can improve the quality of the information because other minds can be consulted with their own views and research incorporated to the knowledge base. Development of British Criminology The development of British criminology has been discussed in a number of instances by various authors and scholars expert to their respective fields of criminology. For example, in his book, Tierney discussed the development of criminology in relation to the various cultural and societal influences that had shaped it. For example, he discussed how American criminology has affected and shaped the British criminology by providing a well-organized discussion of the various influences in the various stages of the development of British criminology. In Maguire, Morgan Reiner: The Oxford Handbook of Criminology, it is said that the history of criminology is perhaps too complex to be captured in a single text; however, despite its comprehensive and compendious relevance, collections of books and writings did a good job in outlining its development and its areas of descent and growth as it is discussed in the books, The Origins and Growth of Criminology by Piers Beirne and The History of Criminology by Paul Rock After which, a series of studies have been conducted headed by Michael Foucalt (1977) in his work Discipline and Punish wherein he analyzed and discussed the role of power knowledge in relation to the various disciplinary and governmental institutions. Meanwhile, in an other essay authored by Pasquale Pasquino entitled, The Invention of criminology: Birth of a Special Savior; and The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality by Burchell, Gordon and Miller, they discussed criminal delinquent as a new subject for scientific and administrative issue in the nineteenth-century Europe. They view the development of criminology as a necessary aspect of a society to address delinquencies. Criminology is important in the administration of justice and the treatment of delinquent behavior. In addition, in the work, Punishment and Welfare: A History of Penal Strategies (1985), it was discussed the developing criminological aspect anchored and revolving around the penal-welfare institutions in Britain as the twentieth century culminates. Other than these works, there are other meaningful accounts on the development of criminology in Britain like Radsinowicz’ memoir, Adventures in Criminology (1999) as well as Clarke and Cornish’s (1983), â€Å"Crime Control in Britain: A Review of Policy Research, which among others discussed the development of Home Office. Cohen on the other hand offers a sociological analysis of the post-war developments in relation to British Criminology; while Fitzgerald, McLeenan and Pawson (1981) discussed the intellectual tensions that affected the British criminology especially during the period of the 1960s and 1970s. In Sumner’s (1994), The Sociology of Deviance: An Obituary, he laid down an extended history of the sociology of deviance in critical analysis with the issue of criminology. The contemporary aspect of the development of British criminology are further discussed by Nelken (1994) and Holdaway and Rock (1998). According to Newburn and Vagg (1998), it was only ten years since the first British Criminology Conference and much has changed from that time. Initially, at about 1987, many criminological researches were carried out by a small number of researchers and their works are often the sole representative of criminological inquiry. This only means that with this system, criminological knowledge in solving crimes is limited. In addition, knowledge may not always be that comprehensive and reliable. It was then possible that mistakes may continue on to court decisions without verification. As a result, judicial inquiry may have outcomes that may be of poor legal basis. But now, criminology and criminologists proliferate (Newburn, Vagg, 1998). The development of criminology in Britain underwent an elusive transformation through the combined efforts of numerous criminologists and judicial authorities. It helped in the improvement of the criminal justice system and the aspect of criminology in the country especially with the fact that many criminologists can readily ignore writing that are more than fifteen years old, â€Å"with evident consequences for the public presentation and validation of expert knowledge† (Soothill, Peelo, 2007). However, it should be noted that as a discipline that constantly change, writings in support of judicial enquiry should also be updated. Writings that are more than fifteen years old may not be as credible as the contemporary views. In this regard, criminology and criminological research is very important so that this deficiency may be addressed. This is the reason why criminological knowledge is very important especially in the treatment of crimes. The quality of criminological knowledge determines the quality of criminologists and the quality of crime related policies in a society. â€Å"Criminology, like all social sciences, is both theoretically and evidence based that requires the comprehension of specific issues† (British Society of Criminology, 2005). In this regard, criminological knowledge ensures that it is presented with reliable and verified evidence to support its applicability and its relevance to specific issues. References British Society of Criminology. (2005). Criminology Benchmarks. Retrieved January 9, 2008, from www. c-sap. bham. ac. uk/subject_areas/criminology/Criminology_Benchmarks. doc British Society of Criminology (2006). Code of Ethics for Researchers in the Field of Criminology. Retrieved January 9, 2008, from http://www. britsoccrim. org/ethical. htm Burchell, G. , Gordon, C. , Miller, P (1991). The Foucalt Effect: Studies in Governmentality, London:Harvester Wheatsheaf. Clarke, R. V. G. , Cornish, D. (1983). Crime and Control in Britain: A Review of Policy Research. Albany: State University of New York. Cohen, S. (n. d. ). Footprints on the Sand: A Further report on Criminology and the Sociology of Deviance in Britain. Fitzgerald, M. , McLeenan, G. , Pawson, J. (1981). Crime and Society: Readings in History and Theory. London: Routledge. Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and Punish. London: Allen Lane. Holdaway, S. , Rock, P. (1998). Thinking About Criminology. London: UCL Press. Maguire, Morgan Reiner: The Oxford Handbook of Criminology (n. d. ). Retrieved January 9, 2008, from http://www. oup. com/uk/orc/bin/9780199249374/resources/reading/ch01/ Nelken, D. (1994). The Futures of Criminology. London: Sage. Newburn, T. , Vagg, J. (1995). The British Criminology Conferences: Selected Proceedings. Retrieved January 9, 2008, from http://www. britsoccrim. org/volume1/001. pdf Pasquino, P. (n. d. ). The Invention of Criminology: Birth of a Special Savior. Punishment and Welfare: A History of penal Strategies (1985). Aldershot: Gower. Radzinowicz. (1999). Adventures in Criminology. London: Routledge. Soothill, K. , 7 Peelo, M. (2007). Constructing British Criminology. Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, 46 (5), 476-492. Sumner, C. (1994). The Sociology of Deviance: An Obituary. Buckingham: Open University Press. Tierney, J. (n. d. ). Criminology: Theory and Context. How to cite British Criminology, Papers

AW Ma free essay sample

Four C’s also will be discussed from the customer’s perspective and point of view, which are customer solution, customer cost, convenience and communication. While Direct Marketing will be used to solve their problems and at the same time to improve and promote their product using new ways of promotion. Introduction Aamp;W Restaurants, Inc. is a chain of  fast-food restaurants, distinguished by its draft Root Beer  and Root Beer float. Aamp;W serving a typical fast food menu of  hamburgers, french fries and hot dogs. The food served is 100% Halal and is very popular with the young generation, with Root Beer being the driving force of the large number of sales. The founder of Aamp;W is Roy Allen and Frank Wright, the company name was taken from their last name. (Dinesh, 2008) Aamp;W began in 1919 in Lodi, California, when Roy Allen took on partnership with Frank Wright to help him with the Root Beer business he had started in1919. Allen purchased the formula for his Root Beer from a pharmacist in Arizona. To this day, the unique blend of herbs, spices, barks and berries remains a proprietary secret. Most of the outlets are drive-in restaurants with carhops. Aamp;W starting franchises in 1921 in California, arguably the first successful food franchising operation, the licensing franchises not only in the United States but around the world. They had 2000 stores in 1960, in 1963 Aamp;W’s first store in Asia Pacific opened at Kuala Lumpur’s Batu Road (now known as Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman). It was also the first fast food corporation from the United States to set foot in the country. In 1970, Aamp;W had more outlet than McDonalds. A beverage division was started in 1971, supplying bottled Aamp;W products to grocery stores. The soft drinks  sold under this brand are Root Beer  and cream soda, made by Dr Pepper/Seven Up, Inc. Before 2011, Aamp;W was a Yum! Brands, Inc. On January 18, 2011 Yum! Brands announced its intention to sell Aamp;W along with Long John Silvers because of poor sales for both divisions. (Dinesh, 2008) Market Analysis In 2004, B. K Sidhu has made an analysis about Aamp;W restaurant that had undergone a shareholder or management change for almost 41 years. This has shown that Aamp;W had led to many changes in priorities and a lack of focus. As the result, Aamp;W had not come out with their fullest potential. Besides that, Aamp;W had also undergone with many competitors for this past few years, for example they were being compete and currently still need to compete with many fast food restaurant such as Mc Donald, Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC), Pizza Hut and many more. Aamp;W service also been questioned by their customers. â€Å"†¦Their serving staffs are all nice and friendly too. But of course, nice and friendly do not mean efficient. Unfortunately, they must have scrimped on training fees. † Aamp;W is a big chain fast food restaurant; they should have training services after they recruit their employees. Furthermore, their managers also should be well trained on how to handle their employees and customer complains. Aamp;W also had problems with their four P’s which are their product, price, place and promotion. For their products, they had many complaints from these past few years saying that they had lost their originality taste of their foods and beverages. For example, in food review website one customer had complains about their foods. â€Å"The Coney dog which is one of  Aamp;W signature item has buns dry and hard like sponge. The sausage skin is like plastic. 1901, the hotdog stalls serve better hotdogs. Besides that, the customers also said that Aamp;W had no longer chilled the mugs like they used to serve the Aamp;W Root Beer. Moreover, Aamp;W had lack of varieties and flavors in their menu. The customers had no choice rather than to order the same menu of Aamp;W which has been use for these past 40 years. Besides that, they also face problems with their product pri ces because it was said to be expansive and not in the price range that can be afford by all customers. Since their foods are not in a good quality, it made their customers question whether it is worth buying the products. Their product can be pricy because people will not spend their money on a meal that cost you more than RM10. 00 per meal every day. For the availability of their restaurants for these past few years are not satisfying. This is because they had closed many outlets in many places. Their restaurant cannot be seen as many as Mc Donald’s and KFC’s restaurant. From the customer’s point of view, the Aamp;W restaurant can only be seen in few places and they does not have any small or drive through outlet in petrol stations around Malaysia. As the result, many of their old days customers had forgotten about their restaurant because of their restaurant have closed and only available in few places around Malaysia. Moreover, Aamp;W had forgotten to reach their customers since they think that they were the first fast food outlet to be open in Malaysia. Even though the ad the first mover advantage, they did not take measures of maintaining their promotions and marketing seriously. As we can see there are not many promotions and advertisement available for Aamp;W. hey had failed to capitalize their brand in Malaysia and had given ways to other fast food restaurants to branch out and concurs Malaysian fast food market. Marketing Strategy Online Marketing Blogs During the re-launch, we will also engage the help of successful bloggers to help promote Aamp;W website and brand. We will invite some of the famous blogger to try our new products and services and hope that they can spread the news over their blogs to attract more foll owers to visit Aamp;W website. Many in the past have over looked the power of bloggers. Bloggers have the power to influence their faithful followers. Successful bloggers have thousands of followers. This will increase our outreach to the public. We will also reward the blogger who talk about us the most through their blogs. Top three bloggers who talk about us the most through their blog by sharing, posting and commenting will be rewarded. In order to expand Aamp;W online business, blogging can make a significant difference in their marketing effort to attract more visitors to their site. As per data available it was found that website can get 55% more visitors by using blogs as compared to those who do not blog at all. Forums In addition, we also will register forum to help advertise Aamp;W website and brand. Because, people nowadays will use online forum to search about the products they want to buy or nice restaurant for them to eat. The forum signature or commonly called resource box is a powerful free advertising tool for Aamp;W. They enable users of a website to interact with each other by exchanging tips and discussing hot topics related to a websites theme. This is to generate enough hype and publicity for the brand and to attract people to the website before the grand re-launch. Forums can allow Aamp;W to create robust online communities even with low traffic volumes since people often return to the site on a regular basis to catch up on what is happened since then. The first thing that Aamp;W should do is to edit their forum signature. Basically, a curiosity inducing one-liner and a link to their website would suffice for a forum signature. Once Aamp;W have edited and saved their signature, it will appear at the bottom of all their comments in the forum discussions. That means, the more Aamp;W participate in the discussions in the forums, the more people see their semi-ad written on their signature. This will cause customer to visit Aamp;W website, and hopefully buy from Aamp;W or join Aamp;W team someday. Therefore, forum can help Aamp;W to attract more customers to visit their website and increase their sales as well. Moreover, Aamp;W can register more famous forum because the more forums they saturate, the more they gain leads and Aamp;W learn many things about their target market as well. If Aamp;W are an active forum poster, they will get an idea about the kind of products that are hot on the market. These will reflect in the discussions of people in the forums. Website Optimization Though we have confidence in Aamp;W’s products and promotions, we know that building the road to their website is the key to success. The improvement of Website optimization can help Aamp;W for shorting the loading time of website, reducing size of website and maximizing the performance of website. Website is a mode for Aamp;W to reach out to the crowd, and informatively telling customers about their company be it the latest promotions, updates, or simply sharing information. We will suggest creating a website that would provide the best experience for their intended crowd, such as, beautifully crafted flash animations, eye-catching website layouts, and picturesque visuals. Most company will hire designers and development teams that have the knowledge to create a website that is packed with attractive graphics and stunning visuals. Our concern is not just about the graphics, flash animations and appearance, but more essentially, creating a website that is search-engine friendly. Other than the eye-catching website layouts, fast loading website is also very important on website optimization. We will increase the Aamp;W website speed by reform the site for shorter loading. We will reduce the size of the website’s images to improve the speed of the site while maintaining image’s quality. People love fast loading website so website optimization can make Aamp;W website getting more traffic and sales. Moreover, it saves the bandwidth since it reduced the website sizes. In addition, we will improve the website by offer web-site purchasing for customers. Customers can make their purchases through Aamp;W website and having delivered within 30 minutes. Customers will receive their order at their doorstep within 30 minutes, because the products of Aamp;W are perishable so it does require to be served fresh. Web site purchasing has developed to the point that a sites main intent has now become to make a customer happy with their decision, and to help them make the purchase quickly. So, customer will want to return to the site in the near future and continue to make purchases. We will also reward the customers who make purchases of Aamp;W through website. The customers who make three times order through Aamp;W website can free one can of Root Beer. Mobile Marketing Mobile marketing will be the best way to promote Aamp;W. This is because, now a day, many people have mobile phones with them which not only normal phone but smart phones that can connect to internet. There is a study of Mobile Insights Malaysia shows that the usage of and subscription mobile to the internet in 2009 which was active subscribers was 25 percent and in 2010 was 41 percent. While for mobile broadband internet usage by mobile phone was 54% in 2010. Besides that in one month, the usage and subscription of mobile internet in search engine was 23 percent and 12 percent for internet banking. From this information, it shows that users of mobile internet are rapidly increasing. Aamp;W can use this advantage to promote their product and sell it online. By providing delivery service, Aamp;W can increase their sales. This is because people now days are busy with their work and they will not have enough time to cook. So they will get delivery service from fast food restaurant. Having mobile internet, the customers can order and pay their meals online. With online transaction it will be convenience for the customers to order and buy meals from Aamp;W. Moreover, the Aps Advertising is also useful for Aamp;W to market their products online. Since many people using smart phones with Apple and Android application, Aamp;W can ask them to create an application of Aamp;W restaurant to be uploaded in smart phones. From the application, customers can choose meals and make online ordering from Aamp;W. then they can straight away pay the amount from that particular application and it will be sent to Aamp;W ordering transaction. By doing this, people will download it in their mobile phone and they can easily purchase Aamp;W meals from the application. As the result, it will create repeat purchase and at the same time increase customer’s loyalty towards their brand. Other than that, QR code is also one of the Aps Advertising and it can be used by Aamp;W to gain repeat purchase and increase customer’s loyalty. This is because the QR code is a chip that can be scan using androids smart phones and it will reveal information or information automatically in their phones. Aamp;W can benefit from this QR code by placing it on their food boxes and paper cup drinks and also their Aamp;W can drink. This is because when the customers purchase these products they will bring along the containers with them. So Aamp;W can give promotions using the QR code when the customers purchase their products. The promotions can be free drinks or other sides and desserts of Aamp;W products. At the end, when the customers want to use the promotions they need to redeem it at Aamp;W restaurant, when they went there they will not only redeem the free product but they will buy ome other foods and drinks to go with it. By giving one free drink or waffle, Aamp;W can sell other foods that are not available for free. This will increase their sales and at the same time increase customer’s loyalty. TV Marketing We found that Aamp;W did not spend much on their television advertisement in Malaysia. Frankly speaking, we do not even have any idea in mind of Aamp;W advertisement. Firstly, it is because the company did not spend much on television advertisement. Secondly, the advertisement is not eye-catching enough. We could see one video advertisement only on their Aamp;W website but not on the television channels. In order to aware others of the brand, Aamp;W do not only advertisement on their website but also on television channels. Television advertisement consists of sound, movement and image to make the whole package interesting for consumers. If the message of advertisement could capture the attention of audiences, the message could be channel to many consumers through words of mouth too. Television advertising is able to communicate to a large amount of audiences. Once if the advertisement is played at the right time to the right person, it benefits the company by increasing sales and generating income. Although people are exposing to tons of advertisement nowadays, television advertising still can attract attention, generate awareness if people finds the advertisement interesting or the product or service meet the audience’s needs. A television advertisement might be costly but the outcome will worth the cost. It is the return of investment we said. The Aamp;W’s television advertisement can be colorful and eye-catching but it must come with its context too. For example, the Great Root Bear or some celebrities are used in their television advertisement. A television advertisement that can target the children and parents will be perfect because one stone with two birds so that it can also cut the cost to come out with two television advertisements to target different people. Furthermore, Aamp;W can also sponsor some big or international events or sports like EURO Football 2012 in England or Olympics 2012 in London this year. So that Aamp;W credits can be seen all over the world that will appear on the television all the time. It will definitely help to promote branding, increase sales and also generate more income. If Aamp;W is sponsoring these events, they will make sure their products are on standard. This would affect the Aamp;W Company all over the world. Besides, it affects their employees’ performance too. Such as, if they know their brand is on television they will perform and present well by not tarnishing the company’s image and reputation. Hence, some fans will also follow what their idol or celebrity eats. They will be affected too by seeing their idol eating Aamp;W’s Coney Dog or drinking Aamp;W Root Beer. Moreover, if Aamp;W has sufficient budget they can sponsor every sportsman their signature â€Å"Root Beer mug† with adding on with a cover on it. So, those sportsmen might be using it like a water bottle carrying here and there. For some fans that see their idol with Aamp;W signature mug, it will influence them to buy one too. A flash mob event can be created on social media like Facebook, and include all age range of people to join a 10 minutes flash mob dance together in front of big shopping mall such as at the main entrance of Pavilion with all the employees in Aamp;W together with Great Root Bear too. Here, Aamp;W can reward those who went for the flash mob by giving out some coupons. Occasionally, people with the coupons will want to visit Aamp;W and purchase Aamp;W’s goods. Thus, it helps boosting up sales here. Great events with great deals definitely make a chance to further Aamp;W’s business. Big events can get interviewed by newspaper and television news too. Marketing and Sales Organization Product In order for Aamp;W to gain their customer’s trust and loyalty towards them, they need to make improvements with their current products and also expand new products to be served to the customers. Even though they only have outlets in restaurants, Aamp;W need to expand their outlets in many different places and together with it they need to create new products suitable for each place. Aamp;W can improve their product by providing more flavors and varieties in the menu list. For example they can introduce new hotdog with 3 different sizes in small, medium, and large size of hotdogs. With these three sizes of hotdogs they can target different ages and appetites of customers, for example small hotdogs can be serving to hildren, and the large size of hotdogs can be serving to adult customers or customers who have big appetites. Besides that, they can introduce new flavors for their hotdog by adding flavors such as BBQ, Back Pepper, hot amp; Spicy, Cheese or maybe they can make seasonal flavors such as for Hari Raya event they can introduce ‘Rendang’ Hotdog, for Deepavali event they can make hotdogs with Curry flavors and for Chinese New Year event they can introduce B lack Pepper Prosperity Hotdog. They can also provide varieties of ice-cream flavor to go with their Root Beer drink and their waffles. For example, Aamp;W only serve vanilla ice-cream with their Root Beer drinks and waffles. But they can add more flavors such as chocolate, strawberry, cookies and caramel flavor to their drinks and desserts. Besides that they can add pies in their dessert menu with few flavors to go with it such as Apple Pie, Pineapple Pie and Chicken Pie. Since their signature drink is only Root Beer Float, they can introduce new beverage which is Milkshake Root Beer to their customers. Moreover, Aamp;W can target customers who consider their eating habit in a healthy way by selling hotdogs or burgers using healthy bread and adding more salads and greens in their food. For example, Aamp;W can introduce hotdogs with wheat bread and salads as side serving in the menu to their customers. Aamp;W can create new menu for each new outlets they want to open. For example if Aamp;W have kiosk in petrol station, they can sell their main dish which is Coney Dog and their Waffle. They can have simple and small Coney Dog and waffles with different kind of flavors to be selling in the kiosk. This is because, many people will stop by the petrol station to get petrol but at the same time they will went in the convenient store to buy foods. Besides that, Aamp;W also can sell Coney Dog and waffle together with their drinks and Root Beer in the kiosk that available in shopping malls. In cinemas, Aamp;W can sell their Root Beer drink and also Hotdogs to their customers. Their food and drink will be packing it in paper container such as hotdog box and paper cup for drinks because it will be convenience for the customers to carry it with them. Besides that Aamp;W can sell their Curly fries and nuggets in cinemas because these sides food will be convenient for the customers to eat while enjoying their movie. Customer Solution By providing various kinds of food and beverages to be added in their menu, Aamp;W can improve their relation with their customers. This is because Aamp;W now a day are known for their lack of varieties of food and beverages and also their flavors and recipes need to be improved so that it will taste delicious and as original as the old days of Aamp;W before. Besides that, in order to satisfy their customers and Aamp;W need to provide products that are suitable with the taste of their customers and giving more choices of products for them to choose. Since Aamp;W restaurant target various kind of market, there will be many kinds of customers will eat at their restaurants and other outlets. So for their restaurants they need to provide foods that comfort customers with families. For example, they can serve and provide foods and drinks that can be enjoy by the whole family from parents to their children. By giving these kind of products, it shows that Aamp;W improving their products and at the same time can increase customer loyalty towards their brand. Place In every business we should find a good place and a good price in Aamp;W since it is a fast food chain many people are going and eating there. Even if Aamp;W have a good promotion, Aamp;W should also find a good place for their store. Aamp;W can find a place near school and colleges because nowadays many students are patronizing all kinds of fast food chain because of its affordable price and the quality of the food. It can increase the sales of Aamp;W because there are a lot of students who like to eat fast food. In addition, Aamp;W can also create partnership with Cinema and provide special hamburger and hotdog that only can get at Cinema. So, customer can enjoy Aamp;W in most of the cinema while they are watching movie. Besides that, having Aamp;W outlet at petrol station and highway rest area is also one of the good ways to expand Aamp;W. Aamp;W can provide a drive-through service that allows customers to purchase products without leaving their cars. This service can benefit for those customers that are in rush and cannot find the car park. Besides, Aamp;W can have small stalls in shopping center that only selling dessert and wafer. Aamp;W will available at hundreds of easily accessible outlet located throughout the country. This ensures that there will always be an outlet close to where you work or live. Price There are aspects that could allow Aamp;W to have a slightly lower price to their products. A lower, competitive price will likely increase Aamp;W sales volume and cause their profits to increase. Aamp;W can set a price that is above their cost yet not so high that consumers would not be willing to pay for it. Based upon the various demographic, behavior and geographic segments identified within their target markets, Aamp;W are looking to appease young and middle aged adults from lower middle class income levels and up. Furthermore, Aamp;W will offer student price during the lunch time hour for those student who show their student card when purchasing. Students can enjoy a set of meal cost RM5. 99 instead of original price RM9. 25. Because of its affordable price and the quality of the food, there will more students to buy it and can boost the sale of Aamp;W. If a product is too expensive there are lesser people to buy because students are not affordable to the price. Offering volume discounts to customers will also add incentive for greater volume and in turn, higher profits. Convenience Based on survey, students will more like to go nearby restaurant having their lunch. It is because they have a short break time and sometime they need to rush for attending class. Therefore, Aamp;W open at nearby school and colleges can convenient for students to buy from them. In addition, most of the customers will like to buy products without leaving their car when they are busy and there will be traffic jam in rush hour time. So, Aamp;W provide drive-thru service at petro station are very convenient for customers who are in rush and cannot find the parking. Also, there are very awesome that customer can enjoy fast food when they are watching movie in cinema. Because cinema are not allow customers to bring in fast food so Aamp;W have gain the market share of those who like to eat fast food when watching movie. Moreover, Aamp;W will available at hundreds of easily accessible outlet located throughout the country. This ensures that every corner there will always be an outlet close to where you work or live. Customers like convenience so easily accessible can get their attention and buy from Aamp;W. Customer cost In student perspective, they will more willing to buy Aamp;W instead of Carls Junior. Because a set of meal of Carls Junior will cost more than RM18 and this is too expensive for a student and they are not able to afford it. So, students will more prefer the food what they are affordable and good quality of the food. In addition, nowadays people are seeking for products that are more value than what they need to pay. The more value a company’s goods or services have the more likely the customers are to continue paying for them. Most of the companies take customer cost and customer value into consideration when marketing their products. Conventional marketing and microeconomic theories assume that the consumers intend to maximize benefits and minimize costs. Consequently consumers choose the product with the highest difference between expected benefits and costs. Promotion Pocket Bike Contest This pocket bike contest result is based on the amount of Double Fortune Burger customer eat during the contest period, and posted up all the receipt in Aamp;W website, the highest number of Double Fortune Burger consumed will win a pocket bike. This event concept to give away goods is very good, but the prize is not attractive enough. For example, KFC they also have contest to give away prizes but their biggest prize is a car, so Aamp;W should think out of something that is attractive to target people to join the contest, most importantly to target those non-lover of Aamp;W in order to create a new market from there. Besides, the contest period is too short, the actual date was from 2nd March till 14th March 2012. The contest does not even last for 2 weeks’ time, before the contest could catch the attention of public it has already end. One thing good about this promotion is that the rules and regulations are well-stated. Here, we suggest that if Aamp;W do not have enough budgets or cannot find a good sponsor might as well save the cost and cancel the contest rather than wasting money for only a little return. But if Aamp;W really have enough budgets for this contest or could get a better sponsor for prizes, like a car, it would be better to attract more participants. Hence, the period of the contest is too short, Aamp;W should extend it for at least one or two months for the public to aware of this contest and have time for them to decide whether to participate. Simply XXXcellent Golden Aroma Chicken Combo This promotion included 2 Simply XXXcellent Chicken, 1 regular size refillable Root Beer and 1 regular size French Fries with the cost of RM 9. 90. This promotion has lasted for two months and it ended. The biggest problem in this promotion is that Aamp;W has lose their signature burger and hotdog instead they putting chicken as their main dish. If people who really want to have chicken they definitely will go for KFC and not Aamp;W. Such as Mc Donald’s, they always have their burgers in every promotion set except for breakfast. Besides, compared to others fast food like Mc Donald’s and KFC, their set is more costly to them. Therefore, Aamp;W should make a little bit adjustment, put their main dish, the burger or hotdog together with the chicken into the promotion set. And, the amount of the chicken will be lower down to only one chicken. In order to profit the company some adjustment need to be made, like the Root Beer can change it to be non-refillable because after having the whole meal and the Root Beer, consumer should feel filling. Most of them refill their drink not because they feel thirty, the purpose is to enjoy it at somewhere else or they will bring it home. Hence, the price could stay the same as RM 9. 0 as they are still profiting the company too because some adjustment has been made. The return of investment on one sale might be less but this promotion could attract more people to purchase and from there it could boost up the sale very quickly. Moreover, this promotion can be a long term promotion instead of just two months because it is still profiting the company. XXXtra Hot Sauce Combo This promotion required customer to do a video recording of him or herself in 3 minutes time to finish up every bite and every drop of hot sauce and it should be no intake of any liquid within the 3 minutes.

Itc problems free essay sample

What problems do you think ITC is going to face in the future due to ban in cigarette advertising? Answer ITCs cigarettes are manufactured in state-of-the-art factories at Bengaluru, Munger, Saharanpur, Kolkata and Pune, with cutting-edge technology ; excellent work practices benchmarked to the best globally. An efficient supply-chain ; distribution network reaches Indias popular brands across the length breadth of the country. ecause the government want to reduce the number of people that smoke in the interest of public safety. there is a cost involved to the comunity as a result of illness caused by smoking and by reducing advertisement the uptake of smoking is reduced and the giving up of smoking becomes easier for those that wish to do so. Because Government thinks it knows what is best for you, like it or not. – 2. How uncontrollable is the legal environment in the case of ITC cigarette operations in India?Should they lobby to lift the ban on cigarette advertising? If no, how should they promote their brand? Answer: The phenomenon of Climate change, a result of global warming, is caused principally by large-scale emissions of gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2). We will write a custom essay sample on Itc problems or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Global warming exacerbates the challenges of poverty and environmental degradation and poses a threat of far reaching consequences. ITC has been at the forefront of corporate Indias initiatives to progressively reduce Green House Gas emissions.Its businesses continue to enlarge the Companys positive carbon footprint through energy conservation, use of renewable sources of energy and identifying ways of mitigating the adverse effects of climate change caused by global warming. ITC has implemented several CDM projects under the Kyoto Protocol and ensured carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration through large-scale social and farm forestry initiatives. ITC has proactively aligned its strategies and joined international efforts in mitigating/delaying the adverse impacts of climate change.All ITC businesses strive to minimize energy consumption and wherever possible use environment friendly sources of energy. Sequestration is a scientifically well-established technique to reduce the total carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. ITCs social and farm forestry initiatives have created a green cover of over 125,000 hectares, consolidating its position as a Carbon Positive corporation for six years in a row. ITC invests significantly in research and development to create clonal saplings that are disease resistant, grow faster, and have higher survival rates.These are provided to farmers to enable them to convert their private degraded wastelands into viable pulpwood plantations. In addition, it provides sustainable raw material sources for the Companys Paperboards business, and also creates livelihood opportunities for disadvantaged tribals and farmers in rural areas. This initiative has already created 56 million person days of employment. Energy efficiency practices of ITC have helped in achieving world-class standards of energy utilisation in several units. Through a rigorous process of audits supported by benchmarking, specific energy consumption has been reduced year on year. 30. 9 % of ITC’s energy consumption is from renewable sources. Flowing from its commitment to the triple bottom line philosophy, ITC has chosen Wind Energy as a focus area for enhancing its positive environmental footprint. The Company has already invested in wind energy generation in Tamil Nadu to meet the requirements of its Packaging business in Chennai. This 14 megawatt Clean Energy Initiative has delivered performance parameters which exceed original projections.Rainwater Harvesting both at the Company premises and through external watershed development projects in socially relevant areas have consolidated ITCs water positive status for 9 consecutive years. Total rainwater harvesting potential so far developed by the Company is more than 2 times the total water consumed by its operations. Solid Waste Recycling Positive Solid Waste Recycling Positive Waste management, in India, is an area of serious concern, with significant proportions of waste being disposed through land filling and dumping.Most landfills and dumping sites are serious health hazards to people living in the neighbourhood and can also cause soil and water contamination. Cigarette factories at Bengaluru, Saharanpur, Munger and Kolkata, Leaf Threshing Units at Chirala ; Anaparti, Paperboards ; Specialty Paper Units at Tribeni, the ITC Green Centre at Gurgaon, Surya Nepals Cigarette factory at Simra, and ITC Hotels Maurya, Maratha, Grand Central, Sonar, Windsor, Mughal, Kakatiya Sheraton Hotels New Delhi Rajputana reused/ recycled almost the entire waste generated (more than 99%) out of their operations.

Definition of sociology of religion and its imperativeness

Definition of sociology of religion and its imperativeness Introduction Studies on sociology of religion have been gaining prominence in the contemporary society. This is attributable to the increased need for explicit understanding of the role of religion in enhancing the development of noble social practices. Indeed, sociology that studies human origin, societal setting and interaction capacity has credible connection with religion.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Definition of sociology of religion and its imperativeness specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is evident since religion provides individuals with basic moral and spiritual incentives or principles that shape their decision-making ability. Religion also inculcates structure-oriented principles that influence individual’s social, economic and cultural practices or actions. According to scholars, there is a strong relationship between religion and sociology. The relationship is based on principles and oper ating guidelines that cannot be isolated. For instance, religion enables individuals to acquire basic ethical and moral values that are essential for social growth. The scholars also relay diverse classical and contemporary theories of sociology that gives clear understanding on how sociology relates to religion. The theories that centers on secularization, civil religion and multiculturalism shows how sociology of religion is significant. This shows how religion has a bearing in shaping social capacity and wellbeing of persons. It also aids the understanding on why most leaders are advocating for the cohesiveness of religion in the context of globalization. Definition of sociology of religion and its imperativeness As defined, sociology of religion studies beliefs, practices and organizational forms of religion that influence individual’s decision-making. The concept adopts the tools and techniques that are applicable in the discipline of sociology (Furseth Pal 1). The defi nition focuses mainly on the key interactive elements and life ideals that take place between individuals in social perspectives. It recognizes the role that religious beliefs, practices and ethical guidelines play in shaping individuals social set up. Another school of thought defines sociology of religion as the study of religion in the social context that applies the same theories that facilitate studies on economics and social phenomena. This affirms the idea that, the construction of human beings is under social ideals and principles. It also explains the notion that, religion has no significant or inherent difference from general philosophy. Imperatively, sociology of religion has immense interest in religion and its effects to societal development. Sociology also has interest on the society’s influence on individual’s religious lifestyle (Furseth Pal 4).Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More That is most individuals are keen to understanding how religion and sociology compliment each other in ensuring holistic advancement of individuals. This is vital in enhancing social, economic and cultural integration especially in the contemporary society. Indeed, the definitions aim at enhancing the understanding of secularization, civil religion and globalization that are key issues affecting social integration. Discussion on sociology of religion Scholars affirmed that, religious principles and values form key ingredients that influence social integration and understanding. They stated that, societies that operate without embracing religious ideals are at the verge of collapse or disintegration. Such societies or individuals cannot cope with the noble social demands and expectations that require immense human understanding and complete eradication of secularism. It is imperative to note that, building a cohesive society under social ideals is dependent on the human values that people share. It is also dependent on the individual’s choices and actions. These influences how well they are able to interact and record exemplary growth socially and economically (Furseth Pal 6). The standards that are vital in ensuring social growth are part of religious principles and ethical values that demands respect for human dignity. The principles shape up individuals thinking capacity and perception on various issues. In the contemporary society, religion presents various norms and principles that individuals are under expectation to conform to (Cipriani 2). The principles vary in various faithful groups, for example, Christians and Muslims due to their different beliefs. The beliefs and principles under the categories affect individual’s action plans on diverse issues that affect their lives. This is evident since a good number of people tend to adopt their religious practices and operate under the set norms. These p ractices influence how they relate, interact with others, execute duties and coordinate activities. The subject’s importance The study on sociology of religion is of great value to various individuals in the contemporary society. Firstly, it aims at equipping individuals with credible information on the interrelations between sociology and religion. This is fundamental since societies are evolving no more, and social practices are expressly dependent on individual’s actions or decisions (Cipriani 3). The actions that are influenced by religious, cultural and economic ideals define individual’s wellbeing. Consequently, the study is important, as it will enable individuals to understand how religious practices and principles influence their social growth. This is essential since religious values and ethical standards facilitate mutual understanding.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Definition of sociology of religion and its imperativeness specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They foster peace and cohesiveness that is crucial for social and economic advancement in the contemporary society. It also seeks to facilitate the need for embracing civil religion ideals as material virtues for societal growth. Cipriani (4) noted that understanding of the concept would help in cushioning the spread of secularization that threatens to erode the splendid gains made in the social sector. Secularization whose practice is in the increase does not embrace religious beliefs. The worrying practice adopts secular norms that lack moral and ethical values that are critical for social growth. Due to this, sociologists affirm that it could get worse unless religious leaders get into spirited campaigns for spiritual awakening (Johnstone 6). The leaders need to reaffirm the importance of religious guidelines that appertains to dress code, communication and choice of entertainment. They also need to creat e awareness that key religious virtues that include love, kindness, honesty and generosity are central elements that contribute in the enhancement of social stability. These elements are vital if meaningful gains are to be made in the social sector in various nations. These will inculcate a sense of togetherness and the need for adoption of noble practices in life. Rational of the Theory The study rationally provides credible information on sociology of religion in the contemporary societies where secular humanist beliefs are gaining prominence. This is vital in ensuring the restoration of structure oriented religious beliefs. This will foster cordial engagement and interaction with others (Johnstone 9). The information focuses on key issues that affect social integration in most settings that include secularization, civil religion and multiculturalism. The issues are critical since there is a belief that they form the key forces that shape human action. Conclusion Indeed, religion ideals are elements that focus on developing individuals spiritually by inculcating noble Christian ideals that include love, care, understanding and peace. It aims at eradicating secular and unethical social practices that does not foster peace through systematic spiritual awakening. This explains why the two elements are regarded as related concepts.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Cipriani, Roberto. Sociology of Religion: An Historical Introduction. New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 2000. Print. Furseth, Inger Pal Repstad. An Introduction to the Sociology of Religion: Classical and Contemporary Perspectives. Aldershot [u.a.: Ashgate, 2007. Print. Johnstone, Ronald L. Religion in Society: A Sociology of Religion. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2007. Print.

Analysis of Beyoncé’s Formation Video (Black Lives Matter)

Analysis of Beyoncà ©s Formation Video (Black Lives Matter) Beyoncà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Formation Video (Black Lives Matter) A Literary Analysis Research Paper Abstract Beyoncà © is one of the singers most recognized in the world and United States of America. She assumed a political role since some events aroused against Afro-American People, related with racism and police brutality. She created the musical video â€Å"Formation† to transmit a message to the people in favor of black lives matter. Keywords: Beyoncà ©, Video, Black Lives Matter, Illuminati, Creole, Alabama, Louisiana, Black Culture, Rapper Beyoncà © launched in 2016 her album â€Å"Lemonade†, including one controversial song, the number twelve in the list whose name is â€Å"Formation†. This unique song is accompanied with an award winning, well-produced and elaborated video, released on purpose, next to the birthday anniversary of Trayvon Martin and Sandra Bland, whose deaths are well remembered by Afro-American people as victims of brutal law enfor cement and racism. Beyoncà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s â€Å"Formation† messages are about many more things than simple racism and police brutality. This song delivers messages about feminism, Creole culture, Beyoncà © pride, Black pride, Black power, sexism, LGBT, Hurricane Katrina remembering’s, and Beyoncà © intention to dispel the rumor that she is an Illuminati. This video masterfully reveals to faces of Beyoncà © at the same time, as an Entertainer and an Activist. (Caramanica & Wortham, 2016). All â€Å"Formation† messages could be classified in major and minor messages. This writing only deals only with major messages, and minor will be ignored. The major messages are one of this two possibilities: direct and explicit messages, or in the other hand are ambiguous, subliminal or hidden messages. This visual and musical work apparently deliver inconsistent sentences with multiple meanings, but that aspect is irrelevant to the first time viewer, because the video is very rich on visuals and plays sticky rhythms that distracts him from the powerful hidden and subliminal messages. This video is holistically great, verified by its numerous well written articles and awards received. Under a rigorous and serious analysis, many messages emerge with multiple meanings. Specially two types of messages could be identified: first, direct or non-ambiguous messages, and second, ambiguous messages with multiple or hidden meanings. Any person, not necessarily an expert will be able to recognize that the lyrics and visuals of this video were semantically engineered by a linguist or carefully designed by an expert on semiotics. Some messages are direct and non-ambiguous like: The Hurricane Katrina aftermath, the Police signs, Beyoncà © pride, Black pride, Black power, Creole Culture, and the effort to dispel the rumor that Beyoncà © are an Illuminati. On the other hand, there are ambiguous messages delivered with multiple or hidden meanings about sexism and LGBT. Those messages appear to the viewer to have multiple interpretations, but the final meaning decision is left free to the particular audience, their will, their virginal minds or the predominant psyche of the individual. Every sentence has two interpretations: the vulgar and the non-vulgar, the formal and the non-formal, the explicit and the implicit message. One of the first message delivered is about the Hurricane Katrina, when the video starts with a living phrase of a killed rapper, whose name was Messy Mya. The voice of the rapper expresses: â€Å"What happened at the New Wil’ins?† (beyonceVEVO, 2016), then the video shows up many scenes related with New Orleans Katrina flooding’s. Along the video are Police signs delivered with an apparent neutral connotation, but at the end they suggests indirectly a judgement to the collectively subconscious mind, who has been extensively influenced by the media with the events on police brutality. Beyoncà © is laying at the top of a New Orleans white and blue car, with the word â€Å"police†, partially submerged in the flooding water, sitting squatting, while the back scene displays a neighborhood with flooded houses. Some police departments may considered that scene disrespectful. In other scene, after a sequence of images of New Orleans daily living, the observer can see the word â€Å"police† at the back of a man that resembles a guard. Once again, the video attracts the mind of the viewer to the word â€Å"police†. It is unforgettable the scene when the young boy is dancing with a New Orleans Style, in front of an anti-riot line of policemen and they rise their hands, after that the camera shows a graffiti in the wall with the legend â€Å"Stop Shooting Us† (beyonceVEVO, 2016), this could be interpreted in many ways, but one of them, is the triumph of the weak using non-violent methods, over those that represent the governmental power By the end of the video, the police car got totally submerged under the water, with Beyoncà © lying at the top, drowning, giving the impression that the police problem is a lose-to-lose situation. This is confirmed by some critic’s affirmations that Beyoncà © is not trying to defame the police. (Logan, 2016). Black power is depicted when Beyoncà © shows up in an elegant long black dress with a big black hat, agitating his hand with a piece of his long hair in circles surrounded by Afro-American guys, also dressed in etiquette black clothes, at the door of an antebellum house, the image evoked in the mind of the viewer is about the power and the way that wealthy and powerful black people lives. The Black power is also depicted in the scene that shows a lonely black cowboy with a golden necklace. An explicit message occurs when Beyoncà © try to defeat the rumors affirming that she is an illuminati, using a unique phrase: â€Å"Y’all haters corny with that Illumi nati mess† (beyonceVEVO, 2016). The video exhibits some dual interpretations with sentences like this: â€Å"Paparazzi, catch my fly and my cocky fresh† (beyonceVEVO, 2016). This message could be interpreted as a sexual reference or a pride reference. Also there are some explicit sexual references, like: â€Å"When he fuck me good, I take his ass to Red Lobster, cause I slay† (beyonceVEVO, 2016), and there are ambiguous, hidden or second meaning sexual references, when she said: â€Å"I got hot sauce in my bag, swag† (beyonceVEVO, 2016), this sentence has two simultaneous interpretations: first as a reference to Creole culture in which women carries hot sauce in their purses, or a female sexual reference. The controversial word â€Å"swag† may be used in this video as a synonym of promotional items, stylish confidence, or with a sexual orientation reference, also this word correspond to a very well-known LGBT word that means â€Å"secretly we a re gay†. But the most incredible fact is that the word â€Å"slay† is mentioned 49 times along the video, probably, with the meaning of â€Å"extraordinary† or â€Å"killer performance†, but let’s consider that is also a well-known urban sexual reference. Beyoncà © pride is evident when she expresses â€Å"I’m so reckless when I rock my Givenchy dress† (beyonceVEVO, 2016), or â€Å"I’m so possessive so I rock his Roc necklaces† (beyonceVEVO, 2016), or â€Å"Earned all this money, but they never take the country out me† (beyonceVEVO, 2016). It is unavoidable that The Black and Creole culture message earned a strong reference in this video, with direct and explicit sentences like this: â€Å"My daddy Alabama, momma Louisiana† (beyonceVEVO, 2016), â€Å"You mix that Negro with that Creole, make a Texas bama† (beyonceVEVO, 2016), â€Å"I like my baby hair with baby hair and afros† (beyonceVE VO, 2016), â€Å"I like my Negro nose with Jackson Five nostrils† (beyonceVEVO, 2016). There is a direct reference to feminism and women leadership when she says: â€Å"Okay, ladies, now let’s get in formation† (beyonceVEVO, 2016). In the second middle of the video there is a black man holding in his hand a newspaper named â€Å"The Truth†, whose cover story displays the phrase â€Å"More than a Dreamer† with the photo of Martin Luther King, suggesting that his Leadership was bigger than his famous discourse â€Å"I have a Dream†. The final conclusion is evident. Beyoncà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s â€Å"Formation† video direct and indirect messages are multiple and not only about simple racism and police brutality, but also was produced with the intention to reveal some paradoxical aspects of the southern living in the United States. This well acclaimed by the critics video was produced by professionals with the same intention as the â€Å"Bl ack Lives Matter† movement, probably become his Anthem. WORKS CITED [beyonceVEVO]. (2016, December 9). Beyoncà © – Formation. [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WDZJPJV__bQ. Caramanica, J. , Morris, J. and Wortham, J. (2016). Beyoncà © in ‘Formation’: Entertainer, Activist, Both?. New York Times, Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/07/arts/music/beyonce-formation-super-bowl-video.html?_r=0 This is a critical review of Beyoncà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Formation Video is made by three recognized critics, in the form of a dialog. They suggest that Beyoncà © is an activist and at the same time she is an entertainer. This source is reliable because it’s Currency (2016), Relevance (Critical review), Authority (New York Times, Best Recognized journalists), Accuracy (Content reliable and credible), and Purpose (the point of view appear objective and impartial). Logan, B. (2016). No, Beyoncà © is not bashing the police: H ere’s what her new song ‘Formation’ is really saying. Business Insider. Retrieved from http://www.businessinsider.com/the-messages-in-beyonces-formation-2016-2. This article corresponds to a review of Beyoncà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Formation Video and clears out to the audience that Beyoncà © is not ridiculing the police. In the opposite side this video is a call for peace and an altruist apology to the black culture in America. This source is reliable because it’s Currency (2016), Relevance (Critical review), Authority (Business Insider, Recognized journalists), Accuracy (Content reliable and credible), and Purpose (the point of view appear objective and impartial). Macpherson, A. (2016). Beyoncà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Formation review – a rallying cry that couldn’t be more timely, The Guardian, Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2016/feb/08/beyonce-formation-review-super-bowl-rallying-cry-black-consciousness This article correspond s to a review of Beyoncà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Formation Video that states that the world tour is timely deliveries. This source is reliable because it’s Currency (2016), Relevance (Critical review), Authority (The Guardian, Best Recognized journalists), Accuracy (Content reliable and credible), and Purpose (the point of view appear objective and impartial). Hoby, H. (2016) Beyoncà ©: Formation tour review – defiant, victorious and glorious, The Guardian, Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/apr/28/beyonce-formation-tour-review-defiant-victorious-and-glorious. This article corresponds to a review of Beyoncà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Formation Video that states that this is the event of the year, masterfully produced. This source is reliable because it’s Currency (2016), Relevance (Critical review), Authority (The Guardian, Recognized journalists), Accuracy (Content reliable and credible

Concepts on Strategic and Quality Management Dissertation

Concepts on Strategic and Quality Management - Dissertation Example Ireland (1991) states that quality definitions have focused on the satisfaction of customers instead of the efficiency brought about by systems to firms. The necessities of the customers serve as the building blocks that guides firm in creating quality systems. In the situation where the Company involved, the needs of the customers greatly affected the decision to change the inventory system. The company, however, also considered other aspects in devising the proposed scheme. The balance between the needs of the customers and the goals of the Company is essential. There are some concrete steps that need to be undertaken to ensure that quality is achieved. Kerzner (2003) provided a comparison of experts’ views on guides to meet quality standards. The Company has to instil awareness in the organisation that changes need to be done. Goals have to be set and proper resources have to be pooled to realise these goals. The Company has to ensure that progress of the project is recorded and ample adjustments are made during the course of the implementation. Most important, the Company needs to sustain all the positive effects created by the inventory system and channel these to other weak points. ... Project managers usually divide the process into stages so that projects are managed with efficiency. Gray and Larson (2003) stated that the project life cycle gives a framework that identifies the key issues and sources of conflicts. As Evans and Lindsay (1993) suggested, planning is a critical stage of quality management. The first stage of the cycle relates to the conception of projects. The management sets lofty goals that have to be achieved given a period of time. The goals are in line with the inventory targets of the company. After the management has decided for the conceptual guidelines, the next manoeuvre is to incorporate the ideas to all entities in the organisation. The final step in the first stage allows the management to delegate individuals who will be tasked to manage and maintain the project. Quality personnel are selected to ensure that goals are met. Hormozi et al (2000) explained that the development of the project has to produce a master plan. The master plan w ill detail the manner in which the available resources will be used to make the project succeed. The primary attributes that has to be promoted in this stage are aggressiveness and comprehensiveness. The master plan illustrates the budget and the schedule. Budgeting is important to prevent constraints once the project starts the realisation phase. The schedule reveals the number of days required for the project to be finished and eventually be incorporated with the current production process. The execution covers the performance of the project that requires control (Evans and Lindsay, 1993). Regular monitoring and measuring of performance is advantageous for the project. The control phase also ascertains areas where improvements are needed and the failures of the project. The

UNIT 1 DB HEALTHCARE POLICY AND ECONOMICS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

UNIT 1 DB HEALTHCARE POLICY AND ECONOMICS - Essay Example The governor’s office however makes decreed policies that can be regulated by state judiciaries and legislatures. The role of the state government in healthcare policymaking is however limited to federal government’s policies (Teitelbaum, and Wilensky, 2012) Federal government plays a major role in policymaking, especially in health care. This is because state governments are subjected to federal policies. The role of the federal government in policymaking is majorly through Congress’ legislations, though the president also plays a significant role in federals government policymaking through approving legislated policies from congress and through issuing ordered policies to government agencies. Such policies are however subject to Congress’ checks (Teitelbaum, and Wilensky, 2012). The federal and state governments therefore play the roles of generating possible policies and legislating on them for approvals. The executive branch of the governments also issue ordered policies. The federal government however has a wider role in policy making than the federal government that is subjected to

America in the 1920s Essay Example for Free

America in the 1920s Essay In 1919, soldiers from World War One returned back to America and were not used to society. Many Americans wished for normalcy and believed the United States should go back to the way it was before the war. President Warren Harding was most popular for his promised actions toward normalcy. After becoming President, Harding did not change much of America and also died of a heart attack eight hundred and eighty one days into office. The main objective of normalcy was to get rid of fear from WWI and fears from future wars. The act of prohibition upon Americans, the delivery of a new mass culture, and changes in social conflicts marked the 1920s, in many ways. With all of these new inventions and ideas being made, there were still some ideas like the rebirth of prohibition that did not succeed. During the 1920s, women and children created a prohibition to stop the unnecessary abuse of alcohol. The first attempt at a prohibition was the Temperance Movement of the 1800s. It was an organized effort to end alcohol abuse and all of the problems it created. Women and children were suffering because of husbands and fathers abusing alcohol. In the times of WWI, a support for prohibition grew again. Veterans who were having problems when returning home from battle began to abuse alcohol to cope. The main goal of prohibition was to cut down on drunkenness. Without alcohol, there would be fewer accidents at work because people sober people have more awareness and coordination. The first effect of prohibition was it becoming the eighteenth amendment in the U. S. The prohibition created bootleggers who would secretly make and transport the alcohol illegally. With the supply of alcohol, speakeasies began to occur where secret clubs and parties would happen illegally. The growth of organized crime developed in cities. Local gangs began to supply alcohol to speakeasies. This organization of gangs started to encourage prostitution, gambling, and fighting again. The mobs became so powerful and wealthy that they could remain free of crimes by simply paying off the police. The Amendment did not last long because in 1933, prohibition was ended in America. The stop to prohibition was known as the twenty first Amendment. Even with most people in the city still drinking, there was a reduced amount of alcoholism and related deaths overall which led to new ideas and a new mass culture. In the 1920s, several forms in culture like music, movies, radio broadcasts, art, and literature began to spread across the U. S. Soldiers were returning from WWI scared and lacking sources of happiness. There was a need for new inventions and for the American citizens to feel happy again. A type of entertainment available at the time was movies without words and would only play music in the theater. Another kind of entertainment was radios, but they did not have any broadcasting stations. The newest craze in music was Jazz. Jazz would come from African American roots with improvisation, syncopation, and usually a regular or forceful rhythm. Harlem, New York became the capitol of Jazz with over five hundred clubs. The most famous club was the Cotton Club. Movies became one of the most popular types of entertainment in the 1920s. At the time, eighty million tickets were being purchased per week. The movie industry quickly grew to the fourth largest industry in the U. S. The first talkie, or movie with words, was the â€Å"Jazz Singer,† starring Al Jolson. In 1924, the Hollywood Land sign was built to reflect on the success of the movie industry. Radios were not a new device in 1920, but had new features that would change the world forever. The first radio broadcast was KDKA in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Stations involved with the broadcasts were CBS and NBC. Citizens would listen to music, jokes, and shows from NBC on their radios. All the new forms of culture from African Americans is however what sparked all the racial problems and discrimination in the North and the South. During the 1920s, many changes in society like the challenge on religious beliefs, the possible truth and explanations of science, and lack of equality for all races were put into play. The prior religion of America has been closely linked to Christianity. The nation was founded itself off of Christianity. Fundamentalism is what interpreted the bible as truth, rather than science. Besides religion, inequality was a big problem in America. Slaves were African Americans in the U. S. since the 1600s. During the times after the Civil War when the South lost, the Ku Klux Klan began to terrorize the African Americans. In the 1920s, people began to question their God or Gods. The truth of the bible was also being questioned. Many Americans were still against the belief that a God does not exist. Another part of the science versus religion was the Scopes Trial. John Scopes taught the theory of evolution in a Tennessee Science class. 22 States did not allow teaching against the bible in the 1920s. The case was taken all the way to the Supreme Court and was ruled in favor of Scopes. In the 1920s, there was a rebirth of the KKK and the development of other organizations. Violence began in the North and South against African Americans; this was odd because the North was usually with the African Americans. The Africans faced discrimination, lynching, and the threats from the KKK. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and Marcus Garvey’s establishment of the Universal Negro Improvement Association were organizations trying to stop discrimination towards the blacks. The extreme amounts of racism and discrimination that is in American heritage during the 1920s cannot be covered up. The 1920s of America were influenced by prohibition, a new mass culture, and social conflicts. In the 1920s, Prohibition was established in an attempt to rid America of alcohol because of its unnecessary effects of gambling, prostitution, accidents, and fighting. Several new forms of entertainment came out like talking movies, new forms of art, Jazz music, and radio broadcasts. Several social conflicts in the U. S. like racism and discrimination happened in the U. S. Even though the 1920s was filled with unforgettable racism and discrimination, it still was marked as one of the most economically boosted periods of U. S. history.

Exploring Love in Shakespeare’s Sonnets Essay -- Sonnets 24, 31, 46, 4

In Plato’s Symposium, the discussion on the nature of love between Socrates and his companions in the house of Agathon clearly discerns key ideas that Shakespeare uses in the sonnets. Beauty, youth, and love are all topics of discussion in the conversations, and Plato’s ideas show up again and again when the sonnets are explored. In Symposium, Aristophanes gives a detailed description of a time when humans were not in their present physical form (Plato 353). His tale posits that the original form of humankind differed from the present in that â€Å"sexes were not two as they are now, but originally three in number,† to which he adds, â€Å"there was man, woman and the union of the two, having a name corresponding to this double nature,† which is called androgynous (Plato 353). The physical nature of primeval man is discussed: "[Man] was round, his back and sides forming a circle; and he had four hands and four feet, one head with two faces, looking oppo site ways, set on a round neck and precisely alike; also four ears, two privy members, and the remainder to correspond" (Plato 354). Aristophanes goes on to explain that the gods split these beings in two so that primeval man would not be as powerful as them. Eventually, the halves are filled out to create symmetry. Plato says, â€Å"human nature was originally one and we were a whole, and the desire and pursuit of the whole is called love† (Plato 357). Thus, the explanation of heterosexual and homosexual behavior can be delineated from this myth. The drive for love goes beyond the sexual into the spiritual. In Shakespeare’s sonnets, the poet persona battles feelings between a fair youth, who is often characterized as a young male, and the dark lady, who is a sensual female. Throughout th... ... of Plato’s knowledge into one metaphysical string of sonnets dealing with two great organs geared towards the pursuit of beauty and truth, and he has made the arguments therein immortal, timeless, and beautiful, bringing every reader to a better understanding of Platonic love. Works Cited Plato. â€Å"Symposium.† The Works of Plato. Edman, Irwin, ed. New York, NY: Random House. 1956. â€Å"Eye.† Oxford English Dictionary. Second ed. Volume V. 1998. â€Å"Heart.† Oxford English Dictionary. Second ed. Volume VII. 1998. Landry, Hilton. Interpretations in Shakespeare’s Sonnets. Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.1964. Shakespeare, William. The Complete Sonnets and Poems. Ed. Colin Burrow. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. 2002. Violi, Unicio J. Shakespeare’s The Sonnets. New York, NY: Monarch Press. 1965.

Perception Essay Essay

When we look at something, are we all seeing the same thing? Perception is the ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through the senses. It is the way in which something is regarded and understood. Metaphysicians, Logicians, Political and Social philosophers have thought about perception since the beginning of history. We all perceive; our sensual organs discern information the way they are designed to however, do we see differently because we all interpret what we see differently? One of the major senses is sight. This sense allows us to see by simply reflecting light onto one of our organs. The complex part however is the decoding of the information that is reflected. Our minds interpret the light that is reflected and turn it into information for us to sense our environment. It can be argued that the processed information is not always true. One example of this idea of flawed information would be the Rubin’s Vase form, which was developed by Edgar Rubin, a Danish psychologist. The visual effect generally presents the viewer with two shape interpretations, each of which is consistent with the image. The viewer is meant to see two images; one being two humans facing each other and the other is a vase. This form is an illusion and is created by the mind. The fact that there are two images seen to us does not mean that one of them has to be wrong. There is no wrong or right, it is just how our brains interpret the information. It can be considered that these interpretations are affected by our lifestyles and societies. Interpretation of the same image also changes from person to person. If looked on a bigger scale, these changes are affected from differences in cultures and paradigms. Color is also a major variable in testing perception after illusions. Do we see colors differently? One of BBC’s most fascinating shows: â€Å"Do You See What I See† explores this question. In the English language, there are distinct words to describe specific colors. â€Å"Green† and â€Å"Blue† describe specifically the wavelengths received by our eyes, color is after all just waves. 2 circles made up of 5 green squares on the left side, and 4 green squares and 1 blue square on the right. When the same image was shown to villagers from northern Namibia, they couldn’t pick out the blue square on the right however, picked out the  slightly different green colored square on the left. Any kind of conclusion can be made from this research. For example, because of less vegetation in Namibia, the habitants have a more fragile sense of color when it comes to green. They can differentiate very easily. Further research shows that there are many other factors affecting color perception including peoples’ moods, memories and feelings. Everybody sees the same wavelength but every individual sees a different color. Emotions also play a vital part in creating a perception. When we are filled with our emotions, we tend to be out of control of things. We always think that what we believe is always right no matter what the circumstances are. One great example of such behavior is the emotion of love. When we are deeply in love with a particular person, our understanding of happiness changes into only being oriented around them. The same thing goes for if we dislike somebody. Everything they do annoys us. This is generally referred to as â€Å"Emotions taking over†. The senses are accompanied by other senses to further prove that something is correct. A person sees a yellow pencil inside a glass of water. The pencil is curved and it is therefore perceived by that person that it is that way. However when the person removes the pencil from the water by touching it, it is understood that the pencil was not curved after all. This is a common allegory used by philosophers to explain how senses are used together to perceive. The person touches the pencil in order to feel its texture and therefore disprove his interpretation through sight. Other senses such as hearing, smelling and tasting are also used in accompaniment to seeing. It can be reasoned that people use different sense with sight and end up seeing something else in accordance to someone else. In conclusion every person’s skill to see is the same. Every person has the ability to receive light and process it into information however; the decoding of this information is different in each and every human being. Illusions show us something that is not there or alters the image we see. Our minds process it in the most useful way for us to perceive. As other sight related perceptions, it can be debated that every person sees  illusions differently according to what they have learned over their life. This is closely related to the way our societies are built. Our minds and our perception are affected by our teachings from our societies. What we see and what we perceive is rendered in order of usefulness to our environment and us. Emotion is also majorly related to perception. It can be debated whether our perception affects our emotions or whether our emotions affect our perceptions, however it obvious that our emotions play a vital part in what we see.